Archaeology deals with the study and analysis of human activities, past societies and the development of the human race. It focuses on the recovery and analysis of material culture. It keeps records of the artifacts, biofacts, architecture and cultural landscapes. Archaeology is concerned with learning about human prehistoric societies. The main goals of archaeology include a thorough understanding of cultural history to rebuild the past lifeways and to explain changes in human societies. It collects data through surveys and excavations and analyzes it to learn more about the past. Archaeology draws on the research in the diverse fields of anthropology, art history, geography, ethnology, literary history, textual criticism, information sciences, chemistry, paleoecology, paleography, paleozoology, etc. The main sub-disciplines of archaeology are historical archaeology, archaeometry, experimental archaeology, ethnoarchaeology and cultural resources management. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches to archaeology. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. This will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.