This volume presents examples of how Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are applied in biological sciences and related areas. Chapters cover a wide variety of topics, including the analysis of intracellular sorting information, prediction of the behavior of bacterial communities, biometric authentication, studies of Tuberculosis, gene signatures in breast cancer classification, the use of mass spectrometry in metabolite identification, visual navigation, and computer diagnosis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, application details for both the expert and non-expert reader, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Artificial Neural Networks: Third Edition should be of value to all scientists interested in the hands-on application of ANNs in the biosciences.