This book is intended for academics who are interested in the future of telephone, data, video, and Internet communication, as well as graduate students, scientists, designers, development engineers, and technicians who are studying dense wavelength division multiplexing. Readers who are employed in the telecom sector, such as component and systems designers, may find the references in the text useful. This book should also prove useful to scientists and engineers working in the domains of optics, spectroscopy, optronics, electro-optics, and micro/nano technology who are willing to contribute their expertise to solving some of the open problems in telecommunications. However, this book may allow them to apply some of the massive investments and advances in optical telecommunication that have been achieved in other fields.