Botany or plant biology is a broad multidisciplinary science that studies the structure, growth, reproduction, taxonomy and epidemiology of plants. The principles of botany have varied applications in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, plant breeding, energy production, environmental management and biodiversity maintenance. Research in botany expands across diverse areas of molecular genetics, epigenetics, plant evolution, phylogenetics, plant behavior and conservation among others. This book discusses the modern theories, concepts and applications of plant biology in extensive details. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied branches that fall under the domain of botany. In this book, using case studies and examples, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult aspects of botany as easy and informative as possible for the readers.