The surgery of the heart or the great vessels, performed to correct congenital heart disease or treat valvular disease or complications arising due to ischemic heart disease, is termed as cardiac surgery. The scope of cardiac surgery is wide. The surgery that is performed on the heart after a large incision to the chest to open the rib cage is called an open-heart surgery. Depending on the procedure, it may entail the opening of the heart itself. A modern development in cardiology is the procedure of beating-heart surgery, in which the heart continues to beat even during the surgery. Coronary artery bypass grafting is performed with the objective of preventing clot formation, and subsequent heart attack. As opposed to the highly invasive open-heart surgery, minimally invasive surgery requires smaller incisions and can be robot-assisted. Another important area of cardiac surgery is heart transplantation. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of cardiac surgery. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed such surgical techniques and aided their advancement. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in this field.