Climatology or climate science is the study of climate, especially weather conditions over a long period of time. The concepts of climatology are used to analyze accumulated data for pattern recognition. Such recognized patterns are used to forecast weather. Recent advances in this field of science have given rise to a number of modern approaches in related areas of research such as paleoclimatology, historical climatology, etc. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of climatology and their application in weather forecasting. It is a complete source of knowledge on the present status of this important field. Easy to understand language and extensive use of examples makes this book an ideal reference text for students and researchers alike.