Turkey has seen a dramatic change in its healthcare system over the last forty years, moving from a disjointed model to one that now offers relatively universal health coverage. This shift has been influenced by conflicting ideologies and discourses as stakeholders and policymakers have struggled to modernize the healthcare industry while juggling a few social, political, and economic factors. The present work attempts to get a snapshot picture of the last two decades of the twentieth century from the view of critical and institutional modernization-based theories.