This book provides a single-source reference to the state-of-the-art in emerging computer systems. The authors address the technological contributions and developments at various hardware levels of new systems that compute under novel operational paradigms such as shastic, probabilistic/inexact, neuromorphic, spintronic, bio-inspired and in-memory computing. Coverage includes the entire stack, i.e., from circuit, architecture, up to system level. This book includes tutorials, reviews and surveys of current theoretical/experimental results, design methodologies and a range of applications.