This detailed reference characterizes various defect and failure mechanisms in both combinational and sequential QCA devices. The book presents new design methodologies that have been proposed for QCA and describes clocking schemes that reduce kink errors in QCA. This comprehensive volume identifies and investigates unique QCA timing constraints and sequential designs. As a basis for CAD implementation, the book proposes algorithms that assign clocking zones and stretch paths for delay matching. Additionally, you find a comprehensive nanotechnology survey, detailing the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies. Other key topics include tile-based modular design, new memory architectures, and future QCA research directions.