Threats to federal information technology (IT) infrastructure and systems continue to grow in number and sophistication. The ability to make federal IT infrastructure and systems secure depends on the knowledge, skills, and abilities of the federal and contractor workforce that implements and maintains these systems. In light of the importance of recruiting and retaining cybersecurity personnel, this book examines the extent to which federal agencies have implemented and established workforce planning practices for cybersecurity personnel and explores the status of and plans for governmentwide cybersecurity workforce initiatives.