Fire is a major agent of disturbance in many biomes of the world but is a particularly important feature of tropical savannas. Up to 50% of the ext- sive tropical savanna landscapes of northern Australia are burnt each year. This includes prestigious conservation reserves such as World Heritage— listed Kakadu National Park, in the Top End of the Northern Territory. As in other savanna regions of the world, the responses of biota to different fire regimes are poorly understood, such that fire management represents one of the greatest challenges to conservation managers and researchers alike. This is the context within which a landscape-scale fire experiment was established at Kapalga Research Station in Kakadu,which aimed to provide a sound scientific basis for conservation management in the region. The experiment was established by The Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO),but involved collaborators from a range of universities and government agencies, including the m- agers of Kakadu,the Australian Nature Conservation Agency (ANCA:now Parks Australia North). This book summarizes the findings from the Kapalga fire experiment and explores the implications for conservation management. We believe that Kapalga has provided important insights into the fire ecology of tropical savannas and has broad relevance for the conservation management of—- prone landscapes in general. This book should be of interest to researchers, graduate students, and land management agencies. vii viii Preface We are extremely grateful to all our collaborators,both inside and outside CSIRO, for their involvement in the Kapalga experiment.