The book provides a gentle introduction and definition of the denotational-based abstract interpretation method. The book demonstrates how the above method of formal analysis can be used, not only to address the security of systems, but other more general and interesting properties related to the testing, mutating and semantic ambiguity resolution of prools. The book presents three case studies, all related to current complex prools and standards used in industry, particularly in the context of IoT and Industry 4.0.