Throughout the tradition of educational thought, consciousness and the self-centred subject are given a privileged role by various pedagogies. However, this tradition is weakened by a so-called postmodern strand, marked by the relativisation of knowledge, the absence of universal human nature, the absence of values with universal meaning, perceiving the figure of the subject as a very particular construction of Modernity, and therefore as a fiction. For these pedagogies, the subject is directed from the outside, i.e. by structures, institutions and discourse. At the centre of this issue is Michel Foucault, the author who provides the structural basis for the postmodern and(or) post-structuralist discourse in education. In this book, we immerse ourselves in the work of this philosopher in order to understand the foundations of this perception of the subject. We hope that this work will provide the reader with a better understanding of the basis of the discussions that exist in the current pedagogical scenario.