A kidney transplant refers to a type of surgical procedure that involves implanting a healthy kidney from a deceased or living donor into a patient who is suffering from kidney dysfunction. It is the preferred treatment for kidney failure in contrast to lifelong dependence on dialysis. Kidney transplants are performed to benefit people suffering from end-stage renal failure or chronic kidney disease. Significant risks associated with kidney transplant surgery include a cancer or disease that can be transmitted through the donated kidney, rejection or failure of a donated kidney, etc. High blood pressure, bleeding, blood clots, and weight gain are examples of possible side effects of the kidney transplant procedure. This book unravels the recent studies on kidney transplantation and the latest advances in its clinical management. It will also provide interesting topics for research which interested readers can take up. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.