The modern era is characterized, on the one hand, by the Reformation, as a result of which several ecclesiastical entities emerged that showed a different attitude towards Christian art. On the other hand, by the so-called secularization, which finally led art to an objectlessness that hardly allowed Christian statements. The Reformation produced polemics and confessional images; the Counter-Reformation responded above all with an intensified cult of Mary and her Assumption into heaven.