This book presents the basic philosophical theories of the most influential Muslim philosophers, such as Ibn Sina, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Rushd and Ibn Taymiyyah. It emphasizes the dominance of the oneness of knowledge in Islamic philosophy. And it connects the Islamic philosophical theories to the Arab-Islamic culture and communication patterns. It provides a deep analysis of the competing Islamic philosophical traditions and how they shape the current societal and political movements in the Arab-Islamic world. This book is academically beneficial for readers who are interested in Islamic philosophy and the Arab-Islamic culture.