Materials science has assumed a key position for new technological dev- opments, and is therefore strongly supported by industry and governments. Nowadays it occupies a bridging position between physics, chemistry and - gineering and extends from basic science in physics and chemistry on the atomic scale to large-scale applications in industry. The increasing number of materials science study courses at universities underlines the present and future importance of understanding and developing materials for the future. The contributions to this book evolved from the lectures of such a course, namely the Heraeus summer school on “New Materials for Today, Tomorrow and Beyond”, held at Chemnitz University of Technology in October 2004. Looking at the rapidly developing communications industry, it is obvious that a large part of current research for future materials is devoted to the understanding of materials to be used in nanometer (nm) scale devices. It is therefore not surprising that five of the six lectures collected in this volume aredevotedmoreor less directly to the nm scale,while the firstonetreats one of thecentralunsolvedproblemsofcondensedmatterphysicsand–becauseof thewidespreadindustrialapplicationofglassesineverydaylife–touchingalso materialsscience.Someof thematerialsdiscussedherearealreadyusedtoday, for others the development has proceeded far enough that their application can be expected in the near future. Yet others, however, we will not be ready to use until some years from now, assuming that the difficulties connected with their application are solved in the near future.