The branch of biology which employs mathematical models and abstractions of the living organisms is known as mathematical biology. These models and abstractions are employed for the purpose of investigating the principles which govern the development, behavior and structure of the systems. This discipline uses techniques and tools of applied mathematics for the modeling and mathematical representation of biological processes. Mathematical models are primarily used for describing systems in a quantitative manner. This facilitates the simulation of their behavior which in turn helps in predicting their properties, which might not have been visible otherwise. Some of the various areas of research under this discipline are abstract relational biology, algebraic biology, complex systems biology and evolutionary biology. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, the book makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the discipline. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of mathematical biology are examined in detail. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers