Organic chemistry refers to the scientific study of the compounds which have carbon bonds. Organic compounds also have oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine or sulphur. Their study incorporates examining their structure, composition, properties, bonding and reactions. Modern organic chemistry uses many different techniques to study organic compounds like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy which deals with atom connectivity, elemental analysis which refers to deduction of elemental composition of a molecule, mass spectrometry which is the study of molecular weight and pattern of its structure, crystallography which deals with finding molecular geometry, etc. This book will trace the progress made in this field and its sub-fields and also highlight some of the key theories and their applications. It will unfold the innovative aspects of this area. Those with an interest in this subject will find this book helpful. It will serve as a valuable guide for students and researchers alike. It will also help new researchers by foregrounding their knowledge in this field.