The book is devoted to the emergence and development of the Roman rule of three names during the Republic. The system of three names was extended by the Romans to all citizens as a result of the transformation of the large family community (familia) into the basic unit for tax collection (tributum) and military recruitment. The author examines the principles of selection and inheritance of prenomen, nomens and cognomen, as well as their development from personal and family agnomen mainly from the 4th to the 1st centuries B.C. The transformation of the system of formation of Roman names is connected with the loss of the familia of its former role after the abolition of the tributum and the change in the principles of military recruitment.