Music teaching is part of the curriculum in basic education schools in many countries. However, there are major challenges that need to be addressed in order to promote consistent music teaching proposals, based on scientific publications on the effects of musical practice on development. In this sense, this book addresses the benefits that musical practice can bring to other domains besides music, such as strengthening memory. This book is therefore aimed at all those involved in discussions, reflections and actions related to the practice of music education in schools.