This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Pairing-Based Cryptography, Pairing 2009, held in Palo Alto, CA, USA, in August 2009. The 16 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 38 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on signature security, curves, pairing computation, non-interactive zero-knowledge systems and applications, group signatures, and prools.