PARTIES AND ELECTIONS IN GERMANY AND AUSTRIA is a comprehensive reference guide to the federal parliamentary elections and federal governments in Germany and Austria since 1918, the state elections and state governments since 1945, the elections to the European Parliament and to all major and several minor political parties. The guide includes basic data of these parties (founding years, political orientations, affiliations to political parties at European level, European Parliament groups and political internationals) and a chronological summary of their history (predecessors, name changes, mergers and splits).