Léon Lortie, in "La Trame scientifique de l'histoire de Canada" (a paper specially prepared for inclusion here) looks back on the circumstances and conditions that encouraged a restricted biological research in Canada, and W. Kanye Lamb and Thomas W.M. Cameron examine biologists and biological research since 1864. Then, distinguished scientists present biographical accounts of four Canadian biologists who have influenced scientific research in this country: G.P. Holland appraises l'Abbé Léon Provancher, a systematic entomologist, in the context of his own time and the present; Jacques Rousseau and William G. Dore discuss George Lawson, whom they call "l'oublié de l'histoire de la science canadienne," despite his important contributions to botanical studies in Canada; C.E. Dolman presents a study of the Reverend James Bovell, M.D., a theologian, philosopher, and physician who had a strong influence on the life and career of Sir William Osler; and T.H. Clark discusses Sir John William Dawson, an outstanding palaeontologist who was especially influential in furthering the progress of geological studies in Canada during the nineteenth century. The chairman of the session was the late Dr. E.G.D. Murray, whose Introduction is included here; a Preface is provided by the Editor of the volume, G.F.G. Stanley, who is Professor of History and Dean of Arts at Royal Military College, Kingston.