Evolutionary genetics studies new mutations that still occur within a species. It derives its primary principles from evolutionary milestones that have been highlighted by the theory of natural selection. There are multiple micro-evolutionary changes that occur within the various groups of a species and they manifest as macro-evolutionary patterns across a period of time, resulting in varying individual and social behavioral actions. Evolutionary genetics has been applied in sub-fields such as ecological genetics, population genetics and quantitative genetics. This book strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.