The medical study and application of anesthesia is known as anesthesiology. A physician trained in this specialty is called an anesthesiologist. The chief responsibility of an anesthesiologist is ensuring adequate pain relief at every stage of a surgical procedure, from the operative period to full recovery. An understanding of operative risk and complications, the methods to mitigate such risks and the management of the illness is crucial to the practice of anesthesiology. Anesthesiologists work in major trauma, airway management and resuscitation and care for patients who have clinical emergencies that pose an immediate threat to life. In recent years, the role of anesthesiologists has extended into the identification of high-risk patients and optimization of their fitness, improvement of safety during the surgery and promotion of recovery. This book covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around anesthesiology. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included herein. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.