The main theme of ""Scamp and I: A Story of City By-Ways"" by L. T. Meade revolves around friendship and the resilience of childhood in the face of urban challenges. Through the adventures of the narrator, the story emphasizes the significance of companionship and understanding among individuals from diverse backgrounds. As they navigate the complexities of city life, they encounter various characters, each reflecting different social classes and experiences. This interaction highlights the stark contrasts between wealth and poverty, showcasing the struggles and joys inherent in urban existence. Meade uses resourcefulness and bravery to illustrate the importance of kindness, empathy, and community. Additionally, the narrative underscores the innocence and curiosity of childhood, suggesting that genuine connections can flourish in the most unexpected places. Overall, the book captures the spirit of exploration and adventure, while offering valuable lessons about human connection, social awareness, and the resilience found within the bonds of friendship.