This volume presents the most recent theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical insights on foreign and second language learning and teaching in diverse educational settings and situations, learner populations, proficiency levels and teaching practices. Five thematic sections each include theoretical and practical approaches to second and foreign language education: • Theoretical underpinnings • Current approaches • International perspectives • Teacher preparation and professional development • The role of technology This is one of ten volumes of the Encyclopedia of Language and Education published by Springer. The Encyclopedia bears testimony to the dynamism and evolution of the language and education field, as it confronts the ever-burgeoning and irrepressible linguistic diversity and ongoing pressures and expectations placed on education around the world.