A nation's ability to wage war is largely shaped by the preparations that it has undertaken in the period since the last war it has waged. The policies that support preparation for the next war are often forced to compete for resources against other domestic programs. Deficiencies in the U.S. Army's ammunition readiness during the Korean War are illustrative of the many challenges faced in resourcing readiness in the face of competingdomestic and military priorities.The U.S. Army's readiness for battle at the beginning of the Cold War was closely linked to reliance on a strategy of mobilization, which proved itself ill suited to respond to the needs of the nation's strategy to contain the growth of Communism. Military leaders struggled to develop a joint strategy to meet the Soviet threat, and to secure presidential support to resource a military establishment that was ready and capable of fighting the next war. Securing presidential support for increased funding was complicated by divisions between military services exacerbated by the National Security Act of 1947, different perceptions of the nature of the Soviet threat, and domestic political pressures to limit defense spending.