This book is the result of an academic master's research programme in science teaching, the main focus of which was to develop the inclusion of the theme of nanotechnology in discussions on the scientific training of basic education students, with a focus on the initial training of teachers who will work mainly in public education. Through the investigative perspective, the subjects researched were able to include the theme in their teaching practices, as well as glimpse other themes about scientific and technological development in order to develop critical scientific training in their students.