In a world where all economic resources are inherently limited, the population continues to grow incessantly. Along with this, human needs and demands evolve and expand continuously in step with time. Under such circumstances, one of the most critical directions for advancing economic systems and improving the well-being of the population is the analysis of pressing macroeconomic issues using economic-mathematical methods and finding optimal solutions. This book is dedicated to forming the theoretical foundations for analyzing the current state of overdue debts among business entities using economic-mathematical methods and identifying the most effective solutions to this issue-one of the most urgent challenges faced by economies worldwide today.