At a time when the rich and fertile provinces of South America are daily becoming increased objects of commercial consideration-when their riches and advantages are constantly forming the bases of fresh speculations-and when, under the security offered to person and property by the liberal institutions of a free and independent government, communication with them is every hour becoming more extended, -an illustration of their local affairs, customs, manners, and people, cannot but be interesting. Of these provinces, the one which forms the subject of the following Remarks is far from being the least important. Without adverting to the fertility of the soil, and the general healthiness of the climate, the prospects which Buenos Ayres presents in a mercantile point of view, forming, as she does, from her situation, the medium of communication with the whole interior of this vast continent, must ever render her an object of considerable importance to a commercial nation like England. Nor is she less a source of interest to the politician and the philanthropist.