Coal is a black combustible sedimentary rock. It is formed when plants decay into peat. It transforms into coal due to pressure and heat of the deep burial over millions of years. It is a primary energy source which is used to generate a significant share of world's electricity. It is also used in other industries such as iron and steel. The extraction of coal from ground is known as coal mining. Some of the techniques used for extraction of coal are contour mining, surface mining, underground mining, mountain top removal mining and strip mining. Burning of coal has resulted in some negative health and environmental impacts. New technologies are being developed to mitigate these effects. This book explores all the important aspects of coal science and technology in the present day scenario. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. This book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.