This volume describes some of the latest advancements in materials science research. Chapter One presents comprehensive information about recent advancements and applications of conjugated polymer-modified electrodes reported in the literature. Chapter Two focuses on polymer membrane modules for large and small scale separations. Chapter Three focuses on the research work done so far on the applications of membrane systems for CO2 capture and storage. Chapter Four presents the structural diagram of the reliability of building materials production in the form of a set of series-connected technological operations. Chapter Five introduces a recently proposed nanoflake model to re-estimate the strength of vitreous silica. Lastly, Chapter Six investigates the structural and electronic properties of Perovskite compositions to describe the control of electronic properties for technological applications.