While traditions are very important to a culture, there is a need to challenge, as well as to respect, those traditions that have given rise to a particular rural research and development system. The authors examine the broad themes of "knowledge transfer" and the organization and conduct of research and development, based particularly on the system operating in the rangelands of Australia. The need to adopt a novel approach arose because the existing practice of agricultural extension did not meet the needs of the farming community there, and the funding bodies were dissatisfied with the return on their investment. The way in which the relationship between the rural community and researchers might be differently, and perhaps more fruitfully, managed are discussed. The issues addressed have relevance in a wider context and, as a result, this book will be of importance to any professional involved in agricultural management and policy making.