This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Algorithms and Discrete Applied Mathematics, CALDAM 2024, held in Bhilai, India during February 15–17, 2024. The 22 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 57 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Algorithms and Complexity; Computational Geometry; Discrete Applied Mathematics; Graph Algorithms; Graph Theory.