Whether history of anthropology is the most fundamental social science still remains a controversial issue. For a proper understanding of this instructive controversy, the pre-suppositions of these two disciplines need to be critically and philosophically reviewed. Otherwise the true perspective of the controversy remains undisclosed and therefore unintelligible. Whether history of anthropology is the most fundamental social science still remains a controversial issue. For a proper understanding of this instructive controversy, the pre-suppositions of these two disciplines need to be critically and philosophically reviewed. Otherwise the true perspective of the controversy remains undisclosed and therefore unintelligible.