This book combines the proceedings of Symposium P, The Business of Nanotechnology, and Symposium YY, Compatibility of Nanomaterials, both from the 2009 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston. Papers from Symposium P highlight the constructive disruption caused by the introduction of innovative and value-generating products based on nanotechnology, and underscore the intersections of scientific research and business considerations in the nanotechnology space. The section begins with papers on commercialization challenges in nanotechnology, and specific technologies are also discussed. The final papers in this section include applications of nanosensors for neonatal care, new oxygen sensors and nanocatalysts. Papers from Symposium YY focus on the impact on nanomaterials on health and safety topics that are also critical in the commercialization of nanotechnologies. Presentations bridge the gap between fundamental material science in nanomaterial design, fabrication, and characterization, and cover diversity in the field, from using nanomaterials to fight cancer, infection and regenerate tissues. Several papers also address nanoparticle toxicity. The beginnings of 'green nanotechnology' are also featured.