The branch of science which studies weather conditions over a period of time is known as climatology. It is a branch of atmospheric sciences. Climatology is also involved in the study of dynamics of the weather and climate system. The time period over which these weather events are studied can stretch from a few years to millennium. There are a number of sub-disciplines within this field such as boundary-layer climatology, paleoclimatology and paleotempestology. The study of climate indices is an important part of climatology. These indices are used to represent the important elements of climate. Some of the important phenomena studied within this field are circulation patterns, heat transfer and atmospheric boundary layer. Climatology is an upcoming field of science that has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. The topics covered herein offer the readers new insights in this field. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.