Clinical and translational medicine refers to the therapeutic clinical potential and application of translational research that seeks to develop the understanding of mechanisms and treatments of human diseases. The clinical variation between diseases, biomarkers, pathogenesis and therapies are also highlighted through studies of clinical and translational medicine. This is a critical and core component of the full-spectrum of biomedical research. Translational medicine refers to an area of research that seeks to determine the relevance of novel discoveries in the biological science to human disease. It also integrates new knowledge in clinical practice and clinical observations into scientific knowledge. Hence, translational research, facilitates the generation of novel hypotheses and disease characterization based on direct human observation. Translational medicine can work to expedite the incorporation of novel endpoints into clinical testing, thus shortening the duration of clinical trials. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of clinical and translational medicine. The ever growing need of advanced technology is the reason that has fueled the research in this field in recent times. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study.