This book surveys the history of the interaction between America and the Islamic nations, beginning with the 1795 naval construction orders in response to North African harassment of American shipping. Additionally, lessons that should have been learned and indicators that should have warned of the present conflict with radical Islam are reviewed. A further assessment argues that misidentification of the enemy in the conflict, has restricted the ability to engage the true enemy. Finally, this study evaluates the sufficiency of the end state of regional democracy, identified in present strategy, with regard to the true enemy.