In March 2020, Congress passed the CARES Act as part of the federal response to COVID-19. The act had certain provisions for federal contracting, including providing additional flexibilities. Contracting plays a critical role in the pandemic response as agencies obligate billions of dollars for goods and services. The act also included a provision to review federal contracting in response to COVID-19. This book examines, among other objectives, COVID-19 contract obligations and characteristics of vendors, contracting challenges, including with agency assessments of vendors, and whether lessons learned reflect those challenges.