Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease characterized by fever, painful and swollen joints, chest pain, swollen lymph nodes, red rash, etc. This condition is caused because the immune system of the body attacks many healthy tissues of the body. It is believed to arise due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some of the risk factors associated with the incidence of this disease are vitamin D deficiency, female sex hormones, smoking, certain infections and sunlight. It can be diagnosed through serologic testing. Clinically indirect immunofluorescence is the most widely used method. Testing for complement system levels, liver enzymes, electrolytes and kidney function, and complete blood count also aid in the diagnosis. The treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus involves the use of corticosteroids and anti-malarial drugs. Some forms of lupus nephritis may require intermittent cytotoxic drugs. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. Through this book, we attempt to enlighten the readers about the new concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.