Cyberwarfare: Targeting America, Our Infrastructure, and Our Future
identifies and elaborates previous examples and current actions involving American cybersecurity forces, allies and adversaries that pose imminent national and personal security dangers. By "cyber war," we are generally referring to a foreign (or even domestic) government-level nation-state actions that are intended to penetrate another nation's computers or networks for purposes of causing physical equipment damage or critical service disruptions. Military and civilian intelligence organizations, for example, routinely prepare cyber battlefields with virtual computer explosives in the form of software malware called "logic bombs" and "trapdoors" placing virtual explosives in other countries' power grids, financial and communications networks, and other critical utility infrastructures.