The Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement ("ECFA"), signed in 2010 and in effect since 2011, represents a milestone in the relationship between Taiwan and the People's Republic of China. It enables not just the liberalization of various economic sectors, but also further institutionalized negotiations between two political entities which have been separately governed and which do not legally recognize each other since 1949. This publication examines within the aforementioned context the characteristics of the ECFA as well as the related agreements that have come into being based on its provisions. Serving as basis for reference is the most advanced integration model in the world, the EU. Subsequently, the issue of the protection of cultural diversity alongside market integration would be broached, a topic that is of particular importance to Taiwan considering its claim of self-identity. This publication could therefore be of interest to scholars of public international law, law of the European Union, political science or cultural studies.