This is a new and annotated edition of "Die Freiheit der Wissenschaft im modernen Staat" (The Freedom of Science in the Modern State) published in 1877 by Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902). It includes: * A comprehensive introduction on the author, historical background, book, and edition. * Extensive notes with explanations for uncommon and obsolete words as well as persons and historical background. All texts are in German.