Elements of Criticism is Kames’s most influential work. When it first appeared, in 1762, it was the most comprehensive philosophical work on “criticism” in English, and it was published in five editions during Kames’s lifetime and another forty editions over the next century. In America, served as a standard text for college students of English. Liberty Fund’s edition of is the first modern edition of one of Kames’s most influential works. In Elements , Kames sets out his argument that the “science of criticism” is a “rational science;” it is “a subject of reasoning as well as of taste.” Volume one explores the nature and causes of the emotions and passions. Volume two delineates principles of rhetoric and literary appreciation, ending with a discussion of the formation of a standard of taste. Kames illustrated both volumes with a vast range of examples from classical literature and the arts of his own day. Henry Home, Lord Kames (1696–1782) was one of the leaders of the Scottish Enlightenment. Peter Jones is Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh.