The molecular studies in the field of genetic diversity in plants are discussed in this all-inclusive book. It provides information that examines the magnitude of genetic variations in plant populations. There is significant genetic variability in natural populations which accounts for a genomic flexibility that can be employed as a raw material for adaptation to altering environmental conditions. The evaluation of genetic diversity reflects information regarding allelic variation at a particular locus. The escalating availability of PCR-based molecular markers enables the descriptive analyses and assessment of genetic diversity in plants as well as the detection of genes influencing economically vital traits. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of the dynamic procedure of genetic variation with a presentation of views of scientists who are working on generation of novel methods and ideas used for the evaluation of genetic diversity, often from distinct perspectives. It aims at serving as a valuable reference for researchers, students and veterans in the field of genetic diversity, conservation and molecular biology.