Endometriosis occurs when the tissue outlining the uterus from inside happens to grow outside the uterus. It affects the fallopian tubes, ovaries and the tissue lining the pelvis. The tissue similar to endometrial solidifies, breaks down and then bleeds with every menstrual cycle. However, in this condition there is no space for this tissue to exit the body and it gets trapped. Consequently, when this condition occurs in the ovaries, it creates cysts known as endometriomas. Pelvic pain often linked to mensuration is the primary indicator of endometriosis. Other symptoms and signs involve painful mensuration, painful intercourse, pain while urination or bowel movements, and infertility. Its diagnosis involves pelvic exam, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and laparoscopy. Endometriosis is generally treated through medicines, surgery or hormonal therapy, and it depends on the severity of symptoms. This book explores all the important aspects of endometriosis in the present day scenario. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for those interested in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of this disease.