To facilitate scientific progress and collaboration while also protecting personal privacy, the integrity of research investments, and national security, it is important for life science data to be collected, digitized, secured, and shared responsibly. To exchange experiences and collaboratively discuss best practices for protecting life science data and promoting responsible data sharing in Central Asia, the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop series titled Engaging Scientists in Central Asia on Life Science Data Governance Principles, held virtually across six 2-hour sessions in May and June 2023. The workshop series brought together early-career and established scientists, along with experts in data science, cybersecurity, and law, from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, the United States, Uzbekistan, and elsewhere to explore existing policies and practices, gaps and limitations, fundamental concepts relevant to data governance, and opportunities for improvement in data sharing practices and governance structures.